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China

We don´t celebrate Christmas in China , but some young people celebrate it and give presents to their friends and relatives. They go to the church on Chritsmas Eve. This is a copy from other western countries and there are also some programmes to celebrate Christmas.

 
                     
             

China is one of the world's oldest countries with great history and culture. It has more than 5,000 years of civilizations. It has the world's longest continuously used written language system . The nation covers a large geographical region with customs and traditions varying greatly among towns, cities and provinces . The Four Great Inventions of Ancient China are paper , the compass , gunpowder , and printing .

Most Chinese social values are derived from Confucianism and Taoism with a combination of conservatism . The subject of which school was the most influential is always debated as many concepts such as Neo-Confucianism , Buddhism and many others have come about

 

Spoken Chinese consisted of a number of Chinese dialects throughout history. In the Ming Dynasty standard Mandarin was nationalized. Even so, it wasn't until the Republic of China era in the 1900s when there was any noticeable result in promoting a common unified language in China . The ancient written standard was Classical Chinese . It was used for thousands of years, but it was mostly reserved for scholars and intellectual people. Only after May 4th Movement did the push for Vernacular Chinese begin. This allowed common citizens to read since it was modeled after the linguistics and phonology of a spoken language .

Chinese literature has a long past. As for the Chinese literature, many novels such as Four Great Classical Novels spawned countless fictional stories. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, Chinese culture would embark on a new era with Vernacular Chinese for the common citizens. Hu Shih and Lu Xun would be pioneers in modern literature.

The music of China dates back to the dawn of Chinese civilization with documents and artifacts providing evidence of a well-developed musical culture as early as the Zhou Dynasty (1122 BC - 256 BC). Some of the oldest written music dates back to Confucius 's time. The instruments are very changeable like Huqin , Erhu , Zhonghu , Gaohu , Banhu and so on.

There are many different forms of art in China . They have swayed under the influence of great philosophers, teachers, religious figures and even political figures. Chinese art encompasses all facets of fine art , folk art and performance art . Porcelain pottery was one of the first forms of art in the Palaeolithic period. Early Chinese music and poetry was influenced by the Book of Songs , Confucius and the Chinese poet and statesman Qu Yuan . Chinese painting became a highly appreciated art in court circles encompassing a wide variety of Shan shui with specialized styles such as Ming Dynasty painting .

The Chinese martial arts are very famous in the world. China is the original birth place of Eastern martial arts. The names of martial arts were called Kung Fu or its first name Wushu. And it has brewed some of the most renowned martial artists including Wong Fei Hung , Huo Yuanjia, Bruce Lee and many others .The art has also co-existed with a variety of weapons including the more standard 18 arms .

The Chinese architecture is an example of which can be found from over 2,000 years ago, has long been a hallmark of the culture. There are certain features common to Chinese architecture, regardless of specific region or use. Chinese started to build the Great Wall in the 7th century BC for defense purposes. Qin unified China in 221 BC and soon began the greatest project in human history by joining and extending the walls built by previous states. The Great Wall stretches over 10,000 li or 5,000 km long. The Great Wall is now the symbol of China . It likes a huge dragon been lying on the vast land for centuries and seems just awaken.

The most famous traditional festival are The Spring Festival , The Qingming (Pure Brightness) Festival ,The Lantern Festival , The Dragon Boat Festival , The Double Seventh Festival, The Mid-Autumn Festival .The Spring Festival is the most important festival for the Chinese people and is when all family members get together, just like Christmas in the West. All people living away from home go back. In this festival, we touch off the rockets, and hang the red Chinese lanterns in front of the gates. The parents give to their children some red packets with some money. The Spring Festival is celebrated on the 1st day of the 1st lunar month in Chinese calendar. It started in the Shang Dynasty (c. 1,600 BC-c. 1,100 BC) from the people's sacrifices to gods and ancestors at the end of an old year and the beginning of a new one.

China is a country that pays great attention to courtesy, the cuisine culture is deep rooted in China's history. There are many traditional dishes in China , like: Jiaozi (Chinese Dumpling), Spring Rolls , Niangao and so on.

by Mao Xiachen ( 4º C )
FTE: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China